Purpose
The Treatment Optimization (TO) Initiative was a partnership between WHO, UNAIDS, and Pangaea Zimbabwe, funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. It aimed to maximize the utility of existing HIV therapeutics, diagnostics, and delivery systems, improve health outcomes within existing planned and committed resources, and reduce costs while mobilizing communities. The initiative also supported Zimbabwe’s national HIV treatment priorities, including antiretroviral therapy, and works to strengthen community systems and integrate them into national HIV treatment cascades.
Target Population
People living with HIV
Adolescents, young people & children affected by HIV
Women and girls facing treatment barriers
Men with high attrition and mortality rates
Community-based caregivers and counsellors
Community health workers
Policy makers, researchers, service providers & HIV activists
Zimbabwe (National focus)
Meetings hosted in Harare
Participants from across sub-Saharan Africa
(40 stakeholders at the first meeting, 100 participants in second meeting, 30 from outside Harare)
Geographical Location
Key Strategies
Decentralization of HIV treatment delivery systems
Community-oriented HIV service delivery models
Integrating community systems with health care systems
Strengthening linkages between public sector & community systems
Enhancing demand, access, linkage, treatment initiation, adherence & retention
Supporting WHO guideline development through evidence & practice
Addressing gender, youth and service delivery gaps
Advocating for costed and sustainable community mobilization
Task shifting — with fair remuneration & training
Major Activities
National consultative meetings led by Ministry of Health, WHO & Pangaea
Stakeholder engagement with activists, researchers, policy analysts, community providers
Plenary discussions on testing, linkage, ART initiation, adherence & retention
Review and documentation of community-centered HIV models
Integration dialogue between HIV prevention, treatment & primary health care
National meeting on decentralization of HIV prevention, care and treatment
Follow-up consultations to define integration frameworks
Development of an Operational Plan for strengthening community-public sector linkages
(led by NAC with Pangaea as Secretariat support)
Identify effective community models that support HIV care and treatment, including HIV testing, linkage to and retention in care, with the goal of achieving universal access to HIV services by 2015.
Recognize critical success factors and barriers to integration of community interventions with the health care system.
Strengthen linkages between the community and health system at the different levels of health care delivery. There was broad agreement that community systems have the potential to be more responsive to certain needs and priorities of beneficiaries (allocative efficiency) and comparatively cost effective (productive efficiency) because of lower levels of bureaucracy and better knowledge of local costs. The key is identifying how best to link the public sector and community systems to optimally meet the needs of the clients. It was also recognised that service integration and linkages can improve care and reduce missed opportunities for key interventions such as HIV testing, provision of ART, PMTCT, and adherence support. Integration of care is an important strategy to improve patient retention in long-term HIV care and treatment.
NAC, with secretariat support from Pangaea, will convene a steering Committee drawing from various stakeholders appointed to develop an Operational Plan for Strengthening Linkages between public sector and community Systems, leveraging existing policies and documents that respond to the recommendations that were brought forward in this meeting.
Outcomes
Influenced the WHO 2013 HIV treatment & prevention guidelines
Strengthened Zimbabwe’s decentralization of HIV treatment services
Identified best-practice models of community-based HIV service delivery
Built evidence on impact of community engagement in HIV treatment cascades
Elevated importance of:
Women & girls’ treatment barriers
Men’s poor adherence and high mortality
Youth & adolescent treatment access
Community health worker support & fair compensation
Affirmed community systems as essential to:
HIV testing
Linkage to care
Treatment initiation
Lifelong retention
Set in motion the development of a national Operational Plan
to institutionalize public–community HIV service integration
Resources
MOHCC 2011 Decentralization Guidelines
WHO 2010 HIV/AIDS Treatment Guidelines
Alma Ata Declaration on Primary Healthcare (1978)
Ouagadougou Declaration on Primary Healthcare (2008)
UNAIDS Strategic Investment Framework
IEC Materials for decentralization and ART guidelines
Community models and operational research shared by stakeholders